{"id":10,"date":"2014-08-25T22:14:00","date_gmt":"2014-08-25T21:14:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-11-13T04:44:36","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T04:44:36","slug":"speech-to-the-cleveland-ironstone-miners-union-skelton-1875-by-george-markham-tweddell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/2014\/08\/25\/speech-to-the-cleveland-ironstone-miners-union-skelton-1875-by-george-markham-tweddell\/","title":{"rendered":"Speech to the Cleveland Ironstone Miners Union Skelton 1875 by George Markham Tweddell"},"content":{"rendered":"

Contributed by Councillor Dave Walsh – a verbatim report of the Cleveland Ironstone Miners union Political demonstration , Skelton in Cleveland, August 1875<\/span><\/b>
\n
<\/b>
\nIn this article, George Markham Tweddell<\/b> pays his first visit to address the Ironstone Miners of East Middlesbrough Daily Gazette<\/i> –<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
George Markham Tweddell<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Cleveland. Some of his offspring were ironstone miners and George follows on from the previous years meeting, led by Samuel Plimsoll (in the post below this one). By 1875 Plimsoll’s Merchant Shipping Bill<\/i> had been rejected by Disraeli’s Government for no good reason, leading Plimsoll to use ‘unparliamentary language’ in response. The miners stood behind Plimsoll because he was one of the few MP’s at the time champion the interests of the working classes and in particular the sailors who were being sent to sea in unseaworthy vessels so that the ship owners could realise the insurance at the expense of lives. In the article we also witness the early fielding of potential union candidates to the Liberal Party to represent the interests of the working class some decades before the formation of the Independent Labour Party.  Here is the article from the Middlesbrough Daily Gazette<\/i> –<\/span><\/p>\n

……………………………………………………………………
\nMiddlesbrough Daily Gazette August 1875<\/span>
\n
<\/span><\/p>\n

\nMINERS’
\nMEETING AT SKELTON<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n
\nThe
\nMerchant Shipping Bill –<\/span><\/div>\n
\nThe
\nGovernment Condemned<\/span><\/div>\n
\n(By
\nOur Own Reporter)<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Skelton High Street<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nOn
\nSaturday<\/b> evening, a large meeting of miners connected with the North
\nYorkshire and Cleveland Miners<\/i> Association <\/i>was held in a spacious field belonging to Mr Stephen Emmerson<\/b>, of Holly Farm, Skelton for
\nthe purpose of discussing the action of the Government in regard to
\nMr Plimsoll’s Merchant Shipping Bill<\/i>. Mr Joseph Toyne<\/b>, President of
\nthe Cleveland Miners Association<\/i>, occupied the chair – <\/span><\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/a>The
\nChairman<\/b> said the meeting had been called to appreciate the efforts
\nput forth by Mr Plimsoll MP<\/b> for Derby, on behalf of our seamen, whose
\ninterest he had at heart for many years, having spent time and money
\nand strength in order to benefit the sailors’ condition. When they
\nread what the sailors had to pass through and the way they were used,
\nit was a good thing to have someone like Mr Plimsoll to stand up and
\nfight for their glorious cause. The hon gentleman had been accused of
\nusing unparliamentary language in the house of Commons, but were
\nthere many present who would believe such was the fact. However, he
\nhad gone too Merchant Shipping Bill<\/i> had been shelved and Sir Chas.
\nAdderley<\/b>, president of the Board of Trade<\/i>, had introduced another
\nBill, as the Government were obliged to agree to some measure of the
\nkind to appease the mind of the people. However a blow had been
\nstruck at the Tory Government, Mr Plimsoll was the man who had struck
\nthe blow, and nothing better could have helped the Liberal cause. The
\nGovernment knew that thousands of countrymen might loose their lives
\nnext winter and thousands made widows and orphans, and yet they threw
\nup Mr Plimsoll’s Bill. This proceeding cause the hon gentleman to
\nsay what he would never have said had they acted otherwise. The
\nCleveland miners had hitherto shown a warm heart for Mr Plimsoll;
\nwhen help was required for suffering humanity they had always shown a
\nwilling hand and a ready heart. He was glad to see so many present
\nwho sympathised with the cause of the poor sailor.<\/span><\/div>\n

far, he made an apology. As they were aware Mr
\nPlimsoll’s <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr Geo.
\nMarkham Tweddell, of Stokesley, F.R.S.N.A. (Fellow of the Royal
\nSchool of Naval Architecture.)<\/b>..copen etc., then moved the first
\nresolution, as follows – <\/span><\/div>\n
\n“That in the opinion of this meeting ,
\nthe withdrawal by the Government of the Merchant Shipping <\/i><\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/span><\/a><\/i><\/div>\n

Bill, the
\nmost important measure on the Ministerial programme, is a blunder
\nwhich calls for the condemnation of the country and fully justified
\nthe outburst of honest indignation with which the announcement was received by Mr Plimsoll in the House of Commons.<\/i>” –<\/span><\/p>\n

\nHe did not
\nthink it worth while wasting time in trying to convince one of the
\njustice and the importance of the bill as that of Mr Plimsoll’s. The
\nvery fact that so many were then present who approved of the cause
\nthey were met to advocate, showed that they, like him, approved of Mr
\nPlimsoll’s conduct and regarded the withdrawal of his bill as at
\nleast a blunder – if that were a proper expression, though he felt
\nthey must use a much stronger one, as with regard to to the use of
\nlanguage opinions differ. Politicians told us that a blunder was
\nworst than a crime but he confessed he could scarcely see that,
\nthough they could plainly say the withdrawal of Mr Plimsoll’s bill
\nfor the protection of of the seamen was both a blunder and a crime.
\n(Cheers.). That it was the most important measure on the Ministerial
\nprogramme he thought any cool observer of Parliamentary business must
\nat once admit , because there was no other bill that might not have
\nbeen deferred for twelve months without any loss beyond that of
\npounds, shillings and pence. No one of common sense would say that
\nthe lives of British or any other seamen were of less value than
\nmoney. Perhaps, however, some people thought so; as if they looked at
\nlegislature of this and every other country they would find that the
\nlaws had protected property more than persons. A man might be guilty
\nof of great outrages against the person, and yet suffer less penalty
\nthan if he had injured property. But he maintained that the first
\nelement of civilisation was to protect life and property, but the
\nprotection of property should not come before that of life. He felt
\ndelighted when he read of the outburst of honest indignation
\nexhibited by Mr Plimsoll. He had remarked that of course the hon
\ngentleman have to say he was sorry if he used unparliamentary
\nlanguage, but it had gone forth and done its work, and Mr Plimsoll
\nwould not withdraw the principal part of what of what he had said. he
\nwas glad to see that public meetings were held throughout the country
\nin support of the Merchant Shipping Bill, and was delighted to find
\nthat the first meeting of the Cleveland miners on the question would
\nsupport such a resolution as the one he had moved. He remembered
\nreading many years ago some old Roman translations in the name of
\nTerence<\/b>, who spoke to the effect <\/span><\/div>\n
\n “that he was a man, and
\nanything that regards humanity could be handed to him”<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\n(Actual
\nquote <\/span><\/div>\n
\n“Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto”, or “I
\nam a human being, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.”
\nThis appeared in his play Heauton Timorumenos.”) Ed<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Louis Kossuth<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\nHe (the
\nspeaker) wished everyman were actuated by the noble – great, if they
\nliked – principle of of the good old Latin writer. Public opinion now
\nruled the country, and it was by a well educated and noble expression
\nof this opinion that, whatever the form of Government, the people
\nwould be rulers.. <\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nIt was Louis Kossuth<\/b> (See this link) http:\/\/tweddellpoetryhub.blogspot.co.uk\/2013\/06\/the-earth-worm-with-letter-from-lajos.html)<\/a>
\nwho thanked the people for the interest they felt in in the cause of
\nthe down-trodden nations, and said that everyman possessed some
\ninfluence for good, whereby many an evil deed might be prevented.
\nEvery man should act upon this sentiment. The mighty ocean was made
\nup of drops of water from the clouds. Humanity was made up of units.
\nBy everyman and woman knowing their rights, and daring to maintain
\nthem, the liberties of the country were preserved. he did not think
\nthat the resolution he had moved required much pleading for. he
\nshould feel thoroughly ashamed of any persons who would not hold up
\ntheir hands in support. He complimented the Cleveland miners for
\ncoming forward to support Mr Plimsoll in his glorious cause. The
\nbread winners who risk their lives in the mines acted nobly in
\nsupporting those who risked their lives at sea. It was only by the
\nworking classes of one craft being true to the classes of other
\ncrafts that their positions could become greater than in the past. If
\nthey looked at the <\/span><\/div>\n

history of the past in every country, even the
\nmost civilised, they would see that the position of the working
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n

classes had been but one of slavery. But he believed that the working
\nclasses of the present day occupy much higher positions than the
\nworking classes ever occupied in bygone ages ; that the working
\nclasses of England fill higher positions than those of any country –
\nunless it be the United States where the people were sovereigns. When
\nwe spoke of our liberties we were in the habit of calling them
\nprivileges instead of rights. In America they speak of them as rights
\nand not as privileges. Let them them do away with the notion of
\nprivileges, which could only pertain to the privileged classes, and
\ngo in for that of rights, and one of the greatest rights was to see
\nthat rotten ships were not sent to sea, to risk the lives of honest
\nmen for the sake of dishonest traders. he respected the labour,
\nwhether of mind or body, which was useful but could not see how a man
\nwho sends rotten ships to sea in order to put money in his pocket was
\na useful member of society. he thanked them for the patient hearing
\nthey had given him. It was the first time he had spoken but he hoped
\nit would not be the last time he would have the pleasure of
\naddressing the Cleveland miners. (Cheers).<\/span>
\n
<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr W.M.
\nSnow<\/b> (Lofthouse) seconded the resolution. he said that every man
\nshould feel its his duty to <\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The article as it appears in Daily Gazette<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

sympathise with Mr Plimsoll, and to
\nsupport the resolution. It had been truly said that the merchant
\nShipping Bill was the greatest measure on the Ministerial programme.
\nBy the passing of it perhaps 500 or 1000 lives would be saved during
\nthe coming winter, but by the withdrawal of it, the same number might
\nbe lost. Why should the Government throw out a bill whose object was
\nto save human life, and keep on the programme bills which were to
\nprotect wealth and property? They had thrown out the Merchant
\nShipping Bill to keep up the Agricultural Holdings Bill? There was no
\ncomparison between the two measures . What was the Agricultural
\nHoldings Bill? What use was it? Did it leave the tenant farmers in a
\nbetter state than before? If it did so it was very slightly. Good
\nlandlords would make good bargains with their tenants before and by
\nthis bill they had the same privilege. Mr Plimsoll had the right to
\nshow indignation and the wrath which he did when he was told by Mr
\nDisraeli that there was no time to deal with the Merchant Shipping
\nBill this session. After Mr Plimsoll had spent years and years in
\ntoil and search, pound on pound of his wealth and broken down his
\nhealth to obtain facts and figures to prove that many ships went to
\nsea in a very unseaworthy condition ; that they were only insured and
\nsent to sea in a rotten state so that they might sooner go to the
\nbottom and the owner make more money on them, knowing many how many
\nwidows and orphans were left destitute in this highly privileged
\nland by the greed of shipowners; and that by, by this bill being
\nthrown out , many more would before winter was over, be added to the
\nnumber – it was enough to raise his temper, and make him use the
\nlanguage he did use in House of Commons.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nIf Mr
\nPlimsoll had good grounds for using such words as ‘Villains’ and
\n‘scoundrels<\/i>‘ – if it were true – then <\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n

they could not blame the hon.
\ngentleman so much. But he had withdrawn a portion of the language he
\nused, and yet not the protest which he laid on the table of the
\ncommons. he hoped Mr Plimsoll would show the country he could bear
\nout his facts and figures, so that the Government should be forced to
\npass such a measure as would prevent any unseaworthy ships being sent
\nto sea and thus the lives of our gallant seamen would be better
\nprotected in future. Why should a man be allowed to so overload a
\nship that she will scarcely float above the water? They would see by
\nthe pamphlet issued by Mr Plimsoll, which had been distributed
\namongst the miners in the district that many cases had come under the
\nhon gentleman’s own observation and that of his friends, where ships
\nhad been loaded to such an extent that men, after having signed
\narticles, were afraid to go to sea in them, feeling that they would
\nnever reach their destination. Shame on the man who would sacrifice
\nhuman life to gain wealth. It was the duty of every man to sympathise
\nwith and support Mr Plimsoll in his endeavours to force the
\nGovernment to pass such a bill as that which they had withdrawn.
\n(Cheers)<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr G. Cox
\n(Lingdale)<\/b> supported the resolution. Mr Plimsoll could not say too
\nhard things against the Mr
\nFreeman<\/b> who had been fined and imprisoned for sending an unseaworthy
\nship to Cardiff (Cheers).<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/a>conduct of the Government in not taking up
\nthe cause of the widows and orphans. For years he had worked hard to
\nput all his power in force to bring things to a point. He hoped they
\nwould live to see a time when the hon gentleman’s bill would be
\npassed. If ever a man was worthy of a lasting monument and of
\ntestimonies, he was, and in years to come he would be looked upon as
\nan honour to the nation. Whatever should be the loss in a particular
\nsense, life should have a free course, and humanity enjoy free
\nthought. he hoped they would hear of few such cases as that of <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nThe
\nChairman <\/b>said that if Mr Plimsoll should never have a monument, he
\nhad carved his name and it would be handed down from one generation
\nto another, and never be forgotten. On putting the resolution it was
\nunanimously carried.
\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr Joseph
\nBourne (Brotton) <\/b>moved the next resolution as follows ; “That in
\nthe opinion of this meeting, the present Government has forfeited the
\nconfidence of the country, and ought to immediately resign.”
\n(Laughter) Mr Disraeli and his Government deserve the “sack”
\nfor their conduct during the present session. They had been a
\n‘stop-gap’ to all progress. The Tories had put a stopper on every
\nthat might be of benefit to the masses or the country at large. When
\nMr Trevelyan <\/b>introduced the Household Suffrages Bill<\/i> it was squashed
\nby an overwhelming majority. ; and when Mr Plimsoll introduced his
\nmeasure for the protection of those at sea, it was treated in like
\nmanner. This was sufficient to upset a man like the member for Derby,
\nand half a dozen such men. There was no reason in the way he had been
\ntreated. How were they to guard against such a state of things? let
\nthe trade unionists throughout the country, if they were properly
\nfederated, select a candidate, and when a vacancy occurred in either
\nborough or county, run him in. They had Mr Lloyd Jones, Mr Thos
\nHalliday, Mr Arch <\/b>and others who might be brought forward as Liberal
\ncandidates and who would represent the working men’s interest
\nfairly in the house of commons. Looking at the majority of the
\nmembers in the House of Commons, there were not much more than 16 or
\n20 who said anything on behalf of the working classes. This was very
\nwrong. He did not think they could be fairly represented with less
\nthan a hundred members in the House of Commons. Referring to the
\nrecent Hartlepool election, the speaker said that the candidature of
\nyoung Kenealy<\/b> was only a trap by the London Tory Clubs to secure as
\nmany votes as possible in order to prevent Mr Lowthian Bell<\/b> getting a
\nseat in parliament. They (the working men) did not did not want a man
\nlike Mr Bell ; he represented capital and they might depend upon it
\nhe would represent it fairly too. He had nothing to say against Mr
\nBell as a gentleman or private individual, but if he said one word
\nfor them as a class, he would be like a clown in the pantomime and
\nsay \u201c One for you, Joey and two for me (Laughter) one for you
\nBilly, and one for you old man, and three for me<\/i>.\u201d (Renewed
\nlaughter). Working men should direct all their attention to being
\nfairly represented. Look at the vast sums that were expended by these
\nmen in getting into the House of Commons. Certainly the monies which
\ncame before the public eye were never fathomed. No one but the
\ncandidate himself could tell what the cost was. Money was spent on in
\nall directions but it should not be so. He did not think it would
\nhave cost Mr Spark<\/b> any canvassing or bribery or scarcely any money to
\nhave got in for Darlington during the contest last year. At the
\nBirmingham election of 1872 it cost John Bright<\/b> \u00a329. This seemed
\nonly a small sum, and it was within reach of the working classes to
\npay it. The election of Mr Elliot<\/b>, the Conservative member for North
\nDurham, cost tens of thousands. Unless they were united and sent a
\nLiberal to Parliament wherever a vacancy occurred, they would never
\nget their rights, nor sailors either. There were some gentlemen in
\nthe House of Commons just as absent minded as the men who had left
\nhome, and imagining he had left his watch on the piano, went back to
\nfetch it, and looked at his watch on the way to see if he had time to
\ngo or not. (Laughter) When a measure of was brought forward by an
\nhon. Member who is the real friend of the working classes, it met
\nwith the greatest opposition at once. The course was planned in club
\nhouse at Pall Mall what a man was to say and do and who was to pay
\nhim. They required to give the matter their earnest and sincere
\nattention. When their secretary sent petitions to be filled up, they
\nshould work earnestly to fill them up in a correct manner ; it was
\nonly by petitioning that they might hope speedily to make their
\ninfluences felt in the Houses of Commons. In 1866 when John Bright
\n<\/b>was agitating for reform measures, petition sheets were carried into
\nthe House of Commons which weighed 25cwt, and two men were occupied
\none night carrying out of the street into the House. The measures
\nwere passed ; and if they aroused themselves, they would be
\nsuccessful also. Mr Trevelyan<\/b> intended to bring in a Bill next
\nsession, which, if it were passed, would justly benefit them and the
\nworking classes at large. They must give their earnest attention to
\nthe matter in the coming winter and endeavour to get the measure
\nthrough Parliament. If they did not work and watch they would never
\nget a step in advance of their present condition. If they were all as
\nunanimous as he was, Mr Disraeli<\/b> would be removed at once. There were
\nclever men who would gladly handle the reins of Government, if the
\nworking class would only work together. If Mr Gladstone<\/b> were backed,
\nhe would take command next week. They would never have a finer
\nStatesman, politician or leader of the nation, than they had in Mr
\nGladstone<\/b>. (Cheers).<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr
\nJames Philbrick (Brotton)<\/b> seconded the resolution. It was openly
\nconfessed that the occupation of miners was of a dangerous character
\nand they confessed that the frequent hearing of sudden deaths and
\naccidents in mines confirmed the truth of the statement, yet he
\nconsidered that the sailor who has to cross the ocean in a rotten tub
\nor vessel was more in danger than the miner. There were only a few
\ninches between him and a watery grave and why should that space not
\nbe composed of good material. Things in Cleveland were not now as
\nthey were formerly, and they would ask the Government to resign
\noffice as early as convenient (laughter) \u2013 and not allow them to
\nsit another session upon any consideration. (Renewed laughter).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr
\nThomas Green (Boosebeck)<\/b> supported the resolution. It seemed a great
\nmystery however, the present Government ever got in power. He was
\nconfident that if the country had had its rights they never would
\nhave and if the Tory government had not been in power they would have
\nreceived the benefit of the legislation of Mr Gladstone and his
\ncolleagues, which, as things were that had yet to fight for. It was
\ntime we had more such heroes as Mr Plimsoll, when it was seen that
\nhundreds of lives were annually lost through the greed of the
\ncapitalists. Mr Plimsoll had not expressed himself so warmly as he
\nmight have done under the circumstances. At the Mansion House banquet
\nthe other day, Mr Disraeli had said the working classes were
\nsatisfied, but it was untrue, as they never would be so long as he
\nwas at the head of the government. The power of the Tory Government
\nwas dated from the time they rejected the Merchant Shipping Bill. He
\nbelieved that the country, both Tory and Liberal had protested
\nagainst the action of the House of Commons in rejecting the bill.
\nReferring to the substitute bill to Mr Plimsoll’s, that had been
\nintroduced, the speaker said that the Government had been compelled
\nto legislate on the matter because the country demanded legislation.
\nThey should combine together as working men and never rest satisfied
\nuntil they obtain a franchise ; then they could send to Parliament
\nwhom they liked., and need not be in fear of a Tory Government. He
\nhad been told that whenever a Tory Government was in power, wages
\nwere always lower. If they passed the resolution, he had no doubt it
\nwould pass through its proper course, and be landed at headquarters.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr
\nJoseph Shepherd also supported the resolution. He knew Mr Plimsoll
\npersonally, and could state that he had worked on behalf of the
\nsailors and other working people besides. In benefiting more directly
\nthe sailors he must benefit the miners also, as, when shortly old
\nships would be broken up, the plate iron trade would improve both in
\nMiddlesbrough and elsewhere. If Mr Plimsoll needed support similar to
\nthat what was afforded him in 1873, he ws satisfied they would be
\nready again to give it. (Hear hear). Mr Plimsoll supported every
\nmeasure which pertained to benefit the working classes ; and the day
\nwas not far distant when he, along with other hon. Gentlemen, would
\ngo in for assimilation of of the country and borough franchise, and
\nthey would then be able to tell Mr Disraeli what they meant. But let
\nthem mind he did not thwart them like he did in 1867. he said then
\nthe people should have a vote, but should pay for it, and those in
\nthe boroughs have had to pay for it to the tune which they did not
\nlike.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nThe
\nChairman<\/b> put the resolution to the meeting and it was carried
\nunanimously. Mr Plimsoll was a hero of the 19th<\/sup> Century,
\nand he hoped the House of Commons would shortly be filled with such
\nmen. There were few self-sacrificing men men in parliament and by the
\nlabours of the country to become franchised the day would come when
\nthey would be able to send what men they liked \u2013 men like Mr
\nPlimsoll, who could look any obstacle in the face, and never mind
\nbeing kicked and called in a good cause. (Cheers).<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr
\nJoseph Bourne (Brotten)<\/b>, moved a vote of thanks to Mr Emmerson <\/b>for
\nthe use of his field and to Mr Tweddell<\/b> for the trouble he had taken
\nto be present to interest himself in the meeting. He remarked that
\nthe moaners of Cleveland were betaking themselves to reading &c
\n and in time they would have more thoughtful and better educated men
\nin the district.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/span><\/div>\n
\nMr
\nJoseph Shepherd<\/b> moved a vote of thanks to the Chairman, and those who
\nhad been instrumental in calling the meeting together, and the
\nproceedings were terminated.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Contributed by Councillor Dave Walsh – a verbatim report of the Cleveland Ironstone Miners union Political demonstration , Skelton in Cleveland, August 1875 In this article, George Markham Tweddell pays his first visit to address the Ironstone Miners of East Middlesbrough Daily Gazette – George Markham Tweddell Cleveland. Some of his offspring were ironstone miners […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":92,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10\/revisions\/101"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/92"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}