{"id":53,"date":"2011-04-02T17:22:00","date_gmt":"2011-04-02T16:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/2011\/04\/02\/a-poets-view-of-george-markham-tweddell-1823-1903\/"},"modified":"2011-04-02T17:22:00","modified_gmt":"2011-04-02T16:22:00","slug":"a-poets-view-of-george-markham-tweddell-1823-1903","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/2011\/04\/02\/a-poets-view-of-george-markham-tweddell-1823-1903\/","title":{"rendered":"A Poet\u2019s view of George Markham Tweddell (1823-1903)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<div style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif\">\n<span style=\", sans-serif\"><b><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;text-align: left\">\n<b><i><span style=\", sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal\"><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;text-align: left\">\n<b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Since this article was written back in 2008 for the introduction to our collected poetry of George Markham Tweddell (downloadable for free on pdf here &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tweddellpoetry.co.uk\/\">http:\/\/www.tweddellpoetry.co.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;we have&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-top: 0px;text-align: left\">\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Lost co-editor Paul Tweddell, whose work was invaluable<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Confirmed the connection between Tweddell and Ebenezer Elliot and there is now a page on that on the Ebenezer Elliot site&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.judandk.force9.co.uk\/Tweddell.html\">http:\/\/www.judandk.force9.co.uk\/Tweddell.html<\/a><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Confirmed Tweddell&#8217;s awareness of the work of Whitby Chartist \/ author john Watkins via Whitby Authors and their publications &#8211; Gideon Smales 1867.<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Discovered, in the Tweddell family, another volume of Tweddell&#8217;s poems, many never published and soon to be made available.<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Paul Tweddell&#8217;s well researched Tweddell Family History &#8211; Poor Lives but with Honour, is soon to be published.<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">A major update to the Tweddell History website with Paul&#8217;s additional research is due soon.<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif\">\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px\"><b> <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;font-style: normal\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">A Poet\u2019s view of George Markham Tweddell (1823-1903)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;font-style: normal\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;font-style: normal\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">What is a modern poet\u2019s fate?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To write his thoughts upon a slate:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The Critic spits on what is done,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Gives it a wipe \u2013 and all is gone!\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Thomas Hood<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">&nbsp;1826 (as quoted by&nbsp;<em>Tweddell\u2019s Bards and Authors<\/em>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">BARD FROM STOKESLEY<\/span><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">For the first time in history<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">, we present the full collection of poetical works by George Markham Tweddell (or GMT for short by his own wish). A good many of these poems were published during GMT\u2019s lifetime but this collection includes many from his notebooks that remained unpublished until now. With the recent acknowledgement on the internet of various forgotten heroes of the radical tradition we think this new collection provides an ideal opportunity for a reassessment of both GMT\u2019s poetry and his life\u2019s work, which coupled with the recent development of the Tweddell website and relocation of GMT\u2019s extensive notes and correspondence in Cleveland County archives, facilitates a range of resources not previously available.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">It is both fitting and a pleasure to publish this collection (albeit 105 years after his demise) because this man spent a lifetime rescuing from obscurity so many of Cleveland\u2019s poets and authors who had passed on.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Indeed without GMT\u2019s dedication to this task, we would now have little or no knowledge of the range of literary figures that lived and wrote in our area. This is no small thing for an area often viewed by literary analysts as a \u2018cultural desert\u2019, especially as elements of GMT\u2019s work (and the later author inspired by GMT \u2013 William Burnett) alleged that instead of the area being a \u2018desert\u2019, the basis of the English literary canon was formed in this general area. A bold claim indeed, but this general area can lay claim to associations with Cademon (Whitby and Lealholm), Beowulf (Boulby and Hartlepool), the Celtic bard Anuerin (Catterick), John Gower, poet and Chaucer\u2019s mentor (Sexhow, Stokesley and Stittenham), and many more. His book (now sadly only available in the local reference libraries and antiquarian shops), along with William Burnett\u2019s book&nbsp;<em>Old Cleveland<\/em>&nbsp;are beacons of literary enlightenment for an area marginalised as a cultural backwater.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In terms of Tweddell\u2019s own poetry, like many writers, he suffered his share of hack critics who had little understanding of his life\u2019s work and less of the full range of his poetic works. While GMT welcomed objective critical appraisal, he lashed out at some of the mindless reviews he often received. In the dedication to the<em>Bards and Authors of Cleveland and South Durham<\/em>&nbsp;(1875), GMT says of his critics:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">i<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 16.05pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 16.05pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">\u201cThe ill-natured Critics, \u2013 those who dip their pens in gall, \u2013 are growing fewer, in proportion to the number of their craft, everyday, and are generally the men with the least grasp of thought. Perhaps some of them may have glanced over my books when suffering from an overflow of bile. I don\u2019t want puffs: all I desire from any Reviewer is candid criticism, to state fairly the object of the book under notice, and to express his own opinion how far that object has been accomplished.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[i]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\">Recently Paul Tweddell, my fellow editor, showed me some of GMT\u2019s unpublished handwritten note books<em>Sonnets on Trees and Flowers, etc.&nbsp;<\/em>and (for want of a title from the poet)&nbsp;<\/span><em><span style=\"color: black\">Rhymes (in Manuscript),<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[ii]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: black\">in which, about 1892 in the twilight of his life, GMT had attempted to collate some of his best poems and annotate them with details of where they were written or published. There was no doubt in my mind that GMT was intending these to be published at some stage, even if posthumously.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I was impressed with the range of styles GMT had embraced, from the gentle sonnet to the finger-pointing rants against the \u2018Tyrant Oppressors\u2019 who imprisoned Chartist leaders. I suggested to Paul that many of his critics would not have seen many of these poems or have had any idea of this poetic range. It was decided then and there that we should endeavour to publish the complete collection for the sake of history and in the hope of a critical reappraisal of his poetic works.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In recent years, too, there have been judgements made of GMT\u2019s poetry. In 1989 Andy Croft (then lecturer in Literature at Middlesbrough\u2019s Leeds University Adult Education Centre) referred to GMT\u2019s poetry, in the Cleveland Local History Society\u2019s Journal, as being \u2018Arcadian\u2019 and not addressing itself to the concerns of the workingman in the newly developing&nbsp;<em>Ironopolis<\/em>&nbsp;that was Middlesbrough. Andy quotes GMT\u2019s \u2018Rosebury Topping\u2019 (p. 28 below):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cNot among smoke of busy, crowded town,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Where manufactures for the world are made,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And man\u2019s best nature seems all trodden down,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To suit vile necessities of trade,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Has my life\u2019s Spring been past: \u2026\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">and was clearly looking for poetry that supported his valid thesis that Middlesbrough never produced the working class writers that other industrial areas produced such as Gaskell, Dickens etc. and that Middlesbrough was only ever represented in literature in a negative way as \u201ca hole like that\u201d. Perhaps GMT, in the poem, was trying to identify himself with the poor workers who spent as much of their spare time contemplating that very view as they could. Indeed his son-in-law was to die prematurely in a house barely yards from the smoke of the North East railway\u2019s locomotive sheds in Middlesbrough leaving six young children fatherless. Ebenezer Elliot, with even more impeccable credentials for radicality than GMT, also wrote about the same vista in John Walker Ord\u2019s&nbsp;<em>History of Cleveland<\/em>&nbsp;(1846):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">ii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span><\/em>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cWhen Cook, a sailor&#8217;s boy, with aching eye,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Gazed from the deep and oft-climbed Roseberry;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">While trembling as she listened to the blast,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The anxious parent sea-ward wishes cast,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And fervent prayer was mute, but not surpressed<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Though love was resignation in her breasts.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Why did thou not\u2014thou happiest name of joy\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Bid her cheered spirit see that that deathless boy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Bear round the globe Britannia&#8217;s flag unfurled,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">And from the abyss unknown call forth a world.\u201d<\/span><\/em><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 46.7pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Andy\u2019s poem on the same subject, with a very different but telling slant, includes the verse:<em><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">On Roseberry Topping you can see for miles<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of shining streets \u2013 the Golden City<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In an Ironmaster&#8217;s jangling dreams.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">This high up, who could tell the pity<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of a place without choice, without all<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">But men and women, a life that seems<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Windily unwanted, exposed to the fall<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">Of a sticky rain, a yellow, nuclear smile?<\/span><\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[iii]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">However, it is only fair to say that Andy never had access twenty years ago to the range of poems by GMT, the growing knowledge of the Tweddell family nor the knowledge of nineteenth century radical history now being made available.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">Paul Tweddell has since revealed that GMT, besides producing the city\u2019s best history at the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup>century, indeed lived and worked in the developing \u2018Infant Hercules\u2019&nbsp;for a decade. His concern for the rural proletariat was strong throughout his life as evidenced from the editorials of the radical newspaper that he produced when he was 19 against the oppressive Corn Laws, to the poem written in his last years and sympathetic to travelling workers, \u2018The Poetry of an Old Besom\u2019,<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[iv]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">&nbsp;(pp. 52 et seq.) Nor must be forgotten his work as one of the Stokesley Chartists or his support for the Cleveland Ironstone miners\u2019 union in the 1870s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Between 1842 and 1845 GMT produced his radical newspaper,&nbsp;<em>The Stokesley News and Cleveland Reporter<\/em>,and, not surprisingly his poems served to reinforce his political purposes as \u2018The Muses\u2019 Bower\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 3)<em>,&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018Death\u2019<em><\/em>(p. 6)<em>,&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018An African Slave\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 6)<em>,&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018Superstition\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 11),<em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018Oddfellowship\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 11)<em>, etc<\/em>. On Sunday January 1<sup>st<\/sup>1843 in issue No 3, GMT reacted to the conservative backlash of his time (see the next section for details) by writing an editorial in language that echoes Shelley\u2019s invective in the&nbsp;<em>Masks of Anarchy<\/em>&nbsp;and predates Marx\u2019s introduction to the Communist Manifesto,&nbsp;<em>A Spectre is Haunting Europe<\/em>,&nbsp;by 6 years:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">iii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cNotwithstanding the base attempt to crush our little periodical, by the vilest and most ungenerous means, yet we again pay our monthly visit to our subscribers, to amuse and instruct\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">\u201cWhen&nbsp;<em>The Stokesley News, and Cleveland Reporter<\/em>&nbsp;first made its appearance in the political and literary world, it was with a firm determination to lash every species of vice, with an unsparing hand; and to be the unflinching advocate of civil and religious liberty. Fearlessly to tear the mask from the sinister deeds of unprincipled legislators and trafficking politicians, of every party\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">[v]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Chartism<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In defence of one of the Chartist<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">leaders, John Frost (sentenced to decapitation but later commuted to transportation to Australia for his part in the Newport riots), GMT wrote \u2018Lines to Tyrants\u2019&nbsp;of which this is a snatch:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 4.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Think not because taxation robs us<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of most the wages that we earn;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Think not because tyrants oppress us<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And cause the nation sore to mourn,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">That we will ever cease demanding,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The rights that are to us most dear:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The justice of the \u201cPeople\u2019s Charter\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Does Frost e\u2019en in his dungeon cheer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 3cm;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">[The full poem can be seen on p. 225 et seq. below<\/span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">]<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Education<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In the following poem extract, written in the 1800\u2019s, GMT\u2019s views on education wouldn\u2019t be out of place in Paulo Freire\u2019s&nbsp;<em>Pedagogy of the Oppressed<\/em>&nbsp;(1972) where he talks about the \u2018Banking Concept of education\u2019 in which the student receives, memorises and repeats \u2018deposits of knowledge\u2019 rather than develops a \u2018critical consciousness and spirit of enquiry\u2019.<strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cTo educate does not mean pumping in<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Knowledge, even to cramming in the brain;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">But, by judicious efforts, so to train<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The virgin mind, that it must surely win<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Wisdom from all it reads or hears or sees;\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">(page 158 below)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In his poem \u2018A Model Female\u2019&nbsp;GMT offers what might be seen as a kind of early feminist poem:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cFor she is no gay butterfly, but true<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To all that elevates humanity;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And much intelligence behind that brow<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Dwells in her brain; and none will e\u2019er receive<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Unkindness from her, or have cause to grieve.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">[page 170 below]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">iv<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 44.35pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">Andrew Prescott \u2013 former Director of the Centre for Research into Freemasonry at Sheffield University \u2013 has recently taken GMT\u2019s published book of&nbsp;<em>A Hundred Masonic Sonnets<\/em>&nbsp;to be the standard of his writing. Written in later life during ill health (published after the persuasion of his friends) these poems are more didactic; instructive to others in the \u2018Craft\u2019.<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[vi]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">&nbsp;It is clear that this new work containing all the known poems of GMT will provide a more substantial basis for judgement than was hitherto possible.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">However an initial look at the Masonic poems shows that they are:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Clearly didactic (in accordance with the style of the time) and suited to his intended purpose in instructing his fellow Masons and in the words of the second Masonic poem (p. 99 below)<em>\u201cto elevate his vision&#8230;help to warm&nbsp;<\/em>[at least]<em>&nbsp;one frozen mind to life; show the plan of Masonry to be no useless maze to puzzle fools\u201d<\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Have a recognisable form \u2013 that of the Sonnet. It is clear that GMT is well acquainted with the form and its variants and there\u2019s evidence to suggest that he might even be innovating with the form if you consider the wide variations of the rhyme schemes over the 100 poems including a few with a non-standard number of lines (these are identified after each poem).<em><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">The diction may not be as \u2018elevated\u2019 as in other of his poems however, considering it is a didactic work, the language seems appropriate and nonetheless still contains persuasive imagery with some extended metaphors, etc.<em><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Indeed the poems employ a range of Masonic emblems such as \u2018The&nbsp;All-Seeing Eye\u2019<em>,&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018The Great Architect\u2019<em>,<\/em>&nbsp;\u2018The Gavel\u2019, \u2018The Compass\u2019&nbsp;and more. Furthermore some of the poems refer directly to the emblematic and symbolic function of his poetry but more on that later!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">These sonnets treat a wide range of themes both close to his heart and life\u2019s work as well as being pertinent to being a \u2018good Freemason\u2019. Among the themes we find \u2018justice\u2019, \u2018truth\u2019, \u2018love\u2019, \u2018sincerity, \u2018charity\u2019, \u2018freedom from ignorance and superstition\u2019, \u2018wisdom\u2019, \u2018spiritual development\u2019, \u2018prudence\u2019, \u2018equality\u2019, \u2018friendship\u2019, \u2018silence\u2019, \u2018tyrants\u2019, \u2018oppressors and slavery\u2019, \u2018symbolism\u2019, \u2018Robbie Burns\u2019, the \u2018spiritual temple of the soul\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>and many more<em>.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">A few of the poems read almost as if he is writing alternative (or Masonic) prayers. Sonnet No. 6 in the collection [p. 100 below] certainly seems to read that way, as could the last, prayer-like four lines of the previous sonnet [p. 100 below], \u2018Truth, No I\u2019:<em><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cWith joy will welcome in the glorious time<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">When truth alone will reign. Then, as in heaven<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">God will be truly served; all wars will cease<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And Love and Charity for aye increase\u201d?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">v<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In&nbsp;<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Bards and Authors of Cleveland and South Durham<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">&nbsp;GMT comments, in a chapter on Great Ayton\u2019s poet, William Martin, himself a Freemason, with lines that might explain the purpose of his later&nbsp;<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">A Hundred Masonic Poems<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">:<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cSave poor Burns\u2019s ever famous \u201cFarewell to the Brethren of the St. James Lodge, Tarbolton\u201d, \u2026\u2026 and few other glorious exceptions, the things miscalled Masonic songs are mere bombast, doggerel, or drunken staves, scribbled by men who have been totally unable to comprehend the beautiful system of Morality, \u201cveiled in allegory and illustrated by symbols,\u201d which they have profanely professed to defend and illustrate.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">I think, therefore this work clearly attempted to address those concerns. One might therefore look at this work to see to what extent (in compliance with his wish to be judged by the aim of the work) he achieved those aims. Of course GMT exempted William Martin himself from the above!<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The Masonic poems illustrate the point that GMT\u2019s full range of poetry functioned in different ways for his various purposes. Here are some pointers in consideration of this that might be useful to keep in mind while reading the full works.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">GMT\u2019s poetry was just one aspect of his wide-ranging work that Paul Tweddell refers to later. Some of the poems are written to supplement other types of work as illustrated below and falls into a number of categories:<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Poems written to supplement his early editorials in his radical Newspaper&nbsp;<em>Cleveland News and Stokesley Reporter<\/em>,&nbsp;which fought against the oppressive Corn Laws. GMT would quite wittily add another perspective to his editorial in the form a short poem under the pseudonym&nbsp;<strong>Peter Proletarius.<\/strong>These poems are clearly functional, serving the greater political cause rather than poetic affectations.<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Poems that introduce chapters and themes in some of his books such as the&nbsp;<em>Bards and Authors of Cleveland and South Durham<\/em>&nbsp;and some of his Cleveland geographical works. These poems are again functional in introducing authors or themes and not meant to be inspired works of art.<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Poems that are didactic in nature and intended to \u2018instruct\u2019. The Masonic poems fall into this category. Again he is employing his skills in the service of a greater cause.<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Poems that I would consider more personal, sonnets that denote important family occasions. These might employ more poetic conceits and Tweddell is documenting his family history as it evolves, via his poetry.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 38.7pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">vi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 38.7pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Poems of invective, full of passion, that come from the heart. His early poems hitting out at the tyrants of oppression, against the imprisonment of his Chartist comrades would come under this category.<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Poems, mainly sonnets, written as a poet rather than as a passionate activist although Tweddell is never far away from his greater concerns even if presented symbolically. His \u2018Arcadian\u2019 style poems may be included here and the collection he called&nbsp;<em>Sonnets on Trees and Flowers&nbsp;<\/em>which are, I believe, symbolic in nature.<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 70.9pt;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify;text-indent: -14.2pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'\">Biographical poems often (but not always) written as obituaries, usually about&nbsp;Locally Eminent People, friends or acquaintances or well known to GMT through his correspondence.<strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">A RADICAL CANON OF POETS:&nbsp;EBENEZER ELLIOT<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[vii]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I\u2019d long considered GMT a one-off until a recent discussion Paul Tweddell and I had with the historian Malcolm Chase, of the History Department of Leeds University, whose expertise on Chartism made a valuable contribution to our understanding.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I had a hunch that there was a link between Corn Law Rhymer Ebenezer Elliot and GMT. Both had had work published in the Chartist paper&nbsp;<em>The Northern Star<\/em>&nbsp;and so at the very least would possibly have seen each other\u2019s work. I thought that if some further connection could be established this might be a more relevant bard with which to establish a comparison. I fed this notion back to Paul Tweddell and Malcolm Chase and Paul searched his Tweddell database and immediately came across the following poem by GMT written in response to Elliot showing a clear awareness of Elliot\u2019s work. Paul also found evidence of correspondence between the two shortly before Elliot passed away in 1849. On p. 186 is GMT\u2019s poem (p. 185):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 3cm;margin-right: 65.65pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-indent: 42.55pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">The Bramble (Rubus Vulgaris<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Brave Elliot loved &#8220;thy satin-threaded flowers,&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Dear Bramble! All who appreciate those things<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of beauty which Nature as largess flings<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">So freely over valleys, plains, and moors,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Must share the Corn Law Rhymer&#8217;s healthy love.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 8.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And who in Autumn does not like to taste<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Thy pleasant Dewberries? There is no waste<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Throughout the universe; for all things move<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In strict obedience to the unchanging laws<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Wisely laid down by Him who cannot err;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And He alone is His true worshipper<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Who studies to obey them. The Great First Cause<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Adorns our very brakes with fruit and flowers,\u2013<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">As if to teach us all that happiness may be ours.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: right\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">George Markham Tweddell<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">vii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><br \/><\/span><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Here is the relevant poem from&nbsp;<strong>Ebenezer Elliot<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 4cm;margin-right: 115.25pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To the Bramble Flower<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Thy fruit full-well the schoolboy knows,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Wild bramble of the brake!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">So, put thou forth thy small white rose:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I love it for its sake.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Though woodbines flaunt and roses glow<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">O\u2019er all the fragrant bowers,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Thou needst not be ashamed to show<strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Thy satin-threaded flowers;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">For dull the eye, the heart is dull,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">That cannot feel how fair,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Amid all beauty beautiful,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Thy tender blossoms are!<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">How delicate thy gauzy frill!<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">How rich thy branchy stem!<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">How soft thy voice, when woods are still,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And thou sing&#8217;st hymns to them;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">While silent showers are falling slow<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">And, &#8216;mid the general hush,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">A sweet air lifts the little bough,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Lone whispering through the bush!<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">The primrose to the grave is gone;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">The hawthorn flower is dead;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">The violet by the moss&#8217;d grey stone<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Hath laid her weary head;<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">But thou, wild bramble! back dost bring,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">In all their beauteous power,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">The fresh green days of life&#8217;s fair spring,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">And boyhood&#8217;s blossomy hour.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Scorn&#8217;d bramble of the brake! once more<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">Thou bid&#8217;st me be a boy,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\">To gad with thee the woodlands o&#8217;er,<\/span><\/em><\/strong><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">In freedom and in joy.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">[viii]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/a><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;font-weight: normal\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Interestingly, Malcolm Chase commented on the suggested comparison between GMT and Elliot:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">\u201cI think Trevor\u2019s right, Ebenezer Elliot is the point of reference against whom GMT should probably be read &#8211; rather than the better known chartist poet Ernest Jones who wrote in a more obviously Gothic style. Another point of reference &#8211; again replete with classical allusions and similarly very deferential to Shakespeare &#8211; is the Chartist Thomas Cooper, whose epic poem&nbsp;<em>Purgatory of Suicides<\/em>&nbsp;(1846) circulated very widely. There is a very sophisticated but readable LitCrit of chartist poetry by Anne Janowitz, Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1998). But she never notices Tweddell!\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">GMT\u2019s use of nom de plumes such as Peter Proletarius, also intrigued me, whilst Malcolm Chase suggested:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">viii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 14.15pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">\u201cNom de plumes and modelling: there may be links and given the overlap of their views and rough geographical proximity, Watkins, Tweddell and Elliot may well have consciously borrowed from each other. On the other hand they could be responding to a common earlier source. &#8220;Junius&#8221; was an important radical political writer of the third quarter of the C18th, while William Cobbett (who visited Stockton, but that&#8217;s another story) famously used the pseudonym Peter Porcupine &#8211; so Peter Proletarius may well be intended as a silent but knowing reference to Cobbett.\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">GMT also created his own \u2018national canon\u2019 in the poem on p. 186 below, \u2018The Daisy (Bellis Perennis)\u2019, which reinforced his wish to be judged alongside the \u2018radical\u2019 poets in the widest sense. These were Chaucer, Burns, Wither (1588-1667)<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[ix]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">, James Montgomery (1771-1854), with Southey added later as a poet, but not for his politics (see the poem \u2018Robert Southey\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u2013 p. 50 below) and \u2018William Wordsworth\u2019 (p. 63 below). Montgomery, although a Scot, was a campaigning reformist especially against slavery, spending much of his life in Yorkshire and was imprisoned in 1795 and 1796. Later he responded to Ebenezer Elliot\u2019s request for advice on his poetry, information that strengthens GMT\u2019s links to like-minded poets.<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[x]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: 'times new roman'\">JOHN WATKINS<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/services\/editor\/content#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\" style=\"color: #e15c13;text-decoration: underline\" title=\"\"><span><span><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">[xi]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Malcolm Chase sent me an article he had written about Whitby Chartist, poet and playwright John Watkins who was imprisoned for sedition after promoting Chartism in Stockton. I felt sure there might be another connection here given the geographical closeness. So far no evidence has come to light in GMT\u2019s work, although Whitby library or the Whitby Philosophical Society archives might have some references of course. However the article did reveal that Watkins married Elliot\u2019s daughter. Nothing conclusive can be judged on this fact, but we have established a trail back to Elliot who knew Tweddell!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">More fruitful was a link Paul made with Montgomery, finding a poem that may have influenced GMT\u2019s poem in the <em>Stokesley News and Cleveland Reporter<\/em>. (Ebenezer Elliott knew James Montgomery who lived mostly in Wakefield.). Compare Montgomery\u2019s poem with GMT\u2019s later poem below:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 4cm;margin-right: 127.55pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">A Cry from South Africa<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 92.15pt;margin-right: 127.55pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">On building a chapel at Cape Town<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 3cm;margin-right: 4cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">For negro slaves of the colony, in 1828<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Britain not now I ask of thee<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Freedom, the right of bond and free;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Let Mammon hold, while Mammon can,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">The bones and blood of living man;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Let tyrants scorn, the tyrants dare,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">The shrieks and writings of despair<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">An end will come \u2013 it will not wait<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Bonds, yokes, and scourges have their date,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Slavery itself must pass away,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">And be a tale of yesterday.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 4cm;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; James Montgomery (1771-1854)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">ix<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 4cm;margin-right: 42.5pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: x-small\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An African Slave<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Ye tyrant fiends! who dare usurp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 13px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Power o\u2019er your fellow man.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">You fill all earth with misery,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp; The grave you never can.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">There \u2018tis your pow\u2019r stops short,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp; You can no further go:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">The tomb\u2019s the last, but sure, retreat<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp; From tyranny and woe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">Even kings must rot like common men,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp; And will return to clay;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">And, cheek by jowl, tyrant and slave<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Will by each other lay.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2018Georgius\u2019 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 78pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">[One of GMT\u2019s nom de plumes, see p. 6 below]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\">JOHN CRITCHLEY PRINCE<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\">John Critchley Prince, (mentioned further in the next section) could also have been a strong influence on GMT, for they shared similar radical opinions. For a while in the early 1840s Prince worked on a newspaper, <em>The Herald of the Future<\/em>, that espoused Corn Law repeal and the 1833 10 hour Factory Act. He also worked with the Manchester Odd Fellows in Blackburn. Tweddell and Prince corresponded from 1842 firstly concerning the publication of some of Prince\u2019s poems in GMT\u2019s newspaper (<em>Stokesley News and Yorkshire Miscellany<\/em>). It continued through their shared circumstances and increasingly warm friendship until 1851 when Prince wrote to GMT, \u201cYour fortunes and mine are very much alike,\u201d referring particularly to their shared poverty. They met up finally in 1855 when the Tweddells moved to Bury. Compare the styles:<\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 13px\"><\/p>\n<pre style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 35.4pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman'\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small\"><span style=\"color: black\">The Primrose (Primula vulgaris).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Sweet, modest flower, so gentle in its mien,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I ever love to gaze upon its form.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Full oft in childhood I\u2019ve the Primrose seen,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Hiding its fragrant head from Borean storm,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In sheltered copse, by side of verdant hill,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">On where to crystal river whimples still<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: -8.95pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Through scenes as lovely as the banks of Rhine;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">What time the blackbird whistled till the green<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Old gnarl\u00ead woods re-echoed back the strain<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And I have felt a glory truly mine<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: -8.95pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">When I in primrosed walks have loitering been;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">For earth seem\u2019d free from every spot or stain<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of Sin and Care, which make the world a Hell,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: -16.05pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And demons roam where angels fain would dwell.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;George Markham Tweddell<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">[This poem was written c. 1849. See p. 179 below]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">x<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-indent: 127.6pt\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Spring.<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I pause and listen, for the Cuckoo&#8217;s voice<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Floats from the vernal depths of yonder vale,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whose aspect brightens at the gaze of morn.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Green woods, free winds, and sparkling waves rejoice\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sweet sounds, sweet odours freight the wanton gale,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And April&#8217;s parting tear-drops gem the thorn.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Through field and glade the truant school-boy sings,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And where in quiet nooks the primrose springs,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sits down to weave a coronet of flowers;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">From hill to hill a cheering spirit flies,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Talks in the streamlet\u2014laughs along the skies,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And breathes glad music through the forest bowers:\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">God of Creation! on this mountain shrine,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">I praise, I worship thee, through this fair world of thine!\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 127.6pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">John Critchley Prince [in&nbsp;<em>The Poetic Rosary,&nbsp;<\/em>1850]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 120.5pt;margin-right: 3cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Praise to John Critchley Prince.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Hail, Prince &#8216;mongst modern Poets! Thou whose song<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">So oft hath cheered me in dull Sorrow&#8217;s hour;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To grasp thy gifted hand I ofttimes long,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">As few, like thee, have gained the magic power<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of charming heart and mind. It is a dower<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Which Nature only on a few bestows,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">For fear that she the honour due should lose<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Which from her sons she claims. For Poets are<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Nature&#8217;s first favourites; and their only care<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Is for their mother; knowing well that she<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Is no cross step-dame, but a parent kind,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">For ever striving to endow mankind<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">With Peace; and Love, and Health, and Liberty,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Whose pioneers are Poets\u2014such as thee!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-indent: 106.3pt\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">George Markham Tweddell<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">[Written in 1846 (see p. 30 below) and also appears in&nbsp;<em>The<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Life of John Critchley Prince,<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">&nbsp;R.A. Douglas Lithgow, 1880]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">EMBLEMS AND SYMBOLS<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">After reading GMT\u2019s poem for Elliot \u2018The Bramble (Rubus Vulgaris<em>)<\/em>\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(on p. 185 below) I wondered why many of these radical poets also had a strong interest in flowers and plants. Was it purely botanical or was there some kind of esoteric symbolism going on? This was reinforced by finding a Masonic reference in the GMT poem about&nbsp;<em>The Great First Cause&nbsp;<\/em>(\u2018The Volume of the Sacred Law\u2019, p. 107 below). In the Alchemist book<em>The Secret of the Golden Flower<\/em>, the golden flower is thought by some to be the Emerald Tablet and in the spiritual side of Alchemy part of the process of purifying the spirit. Symbols of flowers, colours, suns and moons are part of the symbolism. Freemasonry derives is symbolism from the Hermetic tradition and has its own path towards spiritual enlightenment. Could there be a deeper level to some of these poems, especially in GMT\u2019s sequence of sonnets under the heading&nbsp;<em>Sonnets on Trees and Flowers<\/em>&nbsp;I wondered?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">xi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">A clue came when Paul sent me a link to some poems by Wither whom GMT had mentioned in his sonnet The Daisy \u2018(Bellis Perenis)\u2019 on p. 186 below. Wither\u2019s \u2018Marigold\u2019:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"color: black;font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">When with a serious musing I behold<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"color: black;font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The graceful and obsequious marigold,<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"color: black;font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">How duly every morning she displays<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 1.85pt;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"color: black;font-size: 10pt\">Her open breast, when Titan spreads his rays<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"color: black;font-size: 10pt\">.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">took my attention as GMT had a poem called \u2018The Marsh Marigold (Caltha Palustris)\u2019&nbsp;immediately before \u2018The Daisy\u2019.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>The Wither poem seemed to be using natural imagery in a symbolic way. Scrolling down I found a footnote that gave the first clue to the mystery:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 2cm;margin-right: 16pt;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u201cThe first Emblem book (or book containing pictorial representations whose symbolic meaning is expressed in words) was the&nbsp;<em>Emblematum Libellus<\/em>&nbsp;of Alciati 1522. This was widely imitated, Quarles and Wither being the best known English emblem writers.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">Since then I\u2019ve found plenty of evidence of GMT\u2019s knowledge and use of emblems in his work. He mentions it in&nbsp;<em>Bards and Authors of Cleveland and South Durham<\/em>&nbsp;in relation to the work of poet John Riley Robinson and both the word and the technique is used in some of the&nbsp;<em>100 Masonic Poems<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Sonnets on Trees and Flowers<\/em>&nbsp;at least. The Masonic poems are replete with known Masonic emblems such as the two poems, \u2018The All-Seeing Eye\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 119 below), \u2018The Gavel\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 108 below), \u2018The Compasses\u2019 (p. 118 below), as mentioned above, but the symbolism in the&nbsp;<em>Sonnets on Flowers and Trees<\/em>&nbsp;is more naturalistic and it\u2019s possible the poems also symbolically reflect a spiritual path of development, that can be understood by those who can read the signs. Soon after I found these poems among the&nbsp;<em>100 Masonic Poems<\/em>&nbsp;that may add credence to that thesis. First was \u2018Symbols\u2019<em>,<\/em>&nbsp;(p. 118 below):<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Nature abounds in Symbols for the Wise!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Sunset and sunrise; Phoebus in his pride;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Luna, as she does in her glory ride,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">With all her starry train; the watchet skies,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Fleckt with all-gorgeous Clouds; the whimpling Rill,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The rushing River, and the booming sea;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Birds of all hues and songs; all seems to me<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Pregnant with potent Teachings. Every hill<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">And Valley, Tree, Flower, Grass, Moss, Lichen; all<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The Insect tribes that there have their brief day;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The very Dust we tread on; each, all may<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Form Symbols to a thinking Mind, and call<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">On Masons here to read them. Oh, that we<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">May think and Work with God through all eternity!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Then, in \u2018The&nbsp;All-Seeing Eye No<em>&nbsp;<\/em>1\u2019,<em>&nbsp;<\/em>there were further significant&nbsp;lines (p. 119 below):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">xii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><br \/><\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: -1cm;margin-top: 6pt\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To picture forth the Great All-Seeing Eye,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">As symbol meet of watchful Deity<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">\u2018Twas used in Egypt&#8217;s far antiquity<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Greece, Rome and every ancient mystery.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Wisely preserved the Emblem &#8230;.<\/span><\/em><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The poem \u2018Skillet\u2019<em>&nbsp;<\/em>(p. 109 below)<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>talks about stone masons, building temples,&nbsp;\u201c<em>Lets build our spiritual temple\u2026<\/em>\u201d while&nbsp;in \u2018Legends of the Craft\u2019<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>the closing lines read (p. 117 below):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">But we must have the key<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">To Unlock Symbolic teaching in the mind<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Or allegories ne&#8217;er can benefit<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The sluggish brain of country clown or cit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">He who knows how to search, will surely Find<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Truth hidden in her well; but they who boast<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 25.15pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Sole love of literal facts, too oft Err the most.<\/span><\/em><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">However the imagery is far more naturalistic and poetic in the&nbsp;<em>Sonnets on Trees and Flowers,<\/em>&nbsp;with some of the flowers (perhaps like Wordsworth\u2019s \u2018Daffodils\u2019) possibly symbolising the sun and gold is mentioned quite a lot too. Could Wordsworth, who had forged a new attitude in poetry towards nature, favouring the more intuitive and non-mechanistic outlook, have influenced&nbsp;<em>Sonnets on Trees and Flowers<\/em>? Certainly GMT mentions him a few times in relation to flowers such as&nbsp;<em>The Daisy<\/em>&nbsp;for instance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 6pt;text-align: justify\">\n<span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">In Alchemy the aim is to transmute base metals into gold. In spiritual Alchemy (or its embodiment in the rituals of Freemasonry), the chemical process is a symbolic and spiritual path and the sun (or flowers that look like the sun) are emblematic and reflect the precipitation of the spirit to the ideal.&nbsp;&nbsp;GMT could&nbsp;&nbsp;also be thinking of the Cabbala (The Tree of Life), which is the spiritual path to God in his reference to trees in these poems. In the following poem (which follows on from Wither\u2019s&nbsp;<em>Marigold<\/em>) imagery such as \u2018Burnish\u2019d gold\u2019 are interesting in this context I think. And here too is GMT\u2019s<\/span><strong><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\">&nbsp;\u2018<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\">The Marsh Marigold (Caltha Palustris)\u2019 (on p. 187 below):<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Bonnie Marsh Marigold adorns the brook<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In clumps like burnish\u2019d gold. The earth is now<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Not vile, but fit for angels. We must sow<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The seeds of virtue broadcast, and may look<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">For happiness when we obey the laws<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Of Nature, which are God\u2019s: when we rebel<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">In our own minds we carry the real hell,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Which burns to punish all who may oppose<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">The great Creator\u2019s will. \u2018T was never meant<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Mankind should be unhappy. Earth and sky<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Unite to ask us the real reason why<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Such misery is ours: for God has sent<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">All that is needful for our happiness,\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Only we hate each other when we should caress.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: center\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">xiii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 10pt\"><br \/><\/span><\/em>&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 99.25pt;margin-right: 11.9pt;margin-top: 0cm\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 6pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: justify\">\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Hopefully this all serves to indicate that there might be more going on in GMT\u2019s poems than may have been previously suspected by some of his past critics and this new full collection will hopefully help to transform our understanding of his work. The poems all together tell the story of his life, his quest for justice, peace and enlightenment, his joys and sorrows, his wit and cunning and much more besides. This commentary only takes into account a small proportion of the poems here. What might a proper in-depth study find in these poems?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: right\">\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\">Trevor Teasdel, 2008, Great Ayton<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: right\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color: #333333;font-family: arial, helvetica, hirakakupro-w3, osaka, 'ms pgothic', sans-serif;font-size: 13px;margin-bottom: 0pt;margin-left: 42.55pt;margin-right: 0cm;margin-top: 0cm;text-align: right\">\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<strong><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-size: 11pt\"><span style=\"color: black\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since this article was written back in 2008 for the introduction to our collected poetry of George Markham Tweddell (downloadable for free on pdf here &#8211;&nbsp;http:\/\/www.tweddellpoetry.co.uk\/&nbsp;we have&nbsp; Lost co-editor Paul Tweddell, whose work was invaluable Confirmed the connection between Tweddell and Ebenezer Elliot and there is now a page on that on the Ebenezer Elliot [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsrainbow.com\/georgemarkhamtweddell\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}